Turkish Citizenship by Investment: Open Data
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As of 11 November 2026 · source commit 9275f55 · 28 primary sources · 8 open questions
The files
Download links are pinned to the commit above, so a citation does not drift. The latest column always points at the current version, which may differ from what this page shows.
| File | Contents | Format | Download |
|---|---|---|---|
investment-thresholds.json | Current minimums per route, holding periods, legal basis, effective dates, the full threshold history, family inclusion and the general requirements | JSON | pinned · latest |
government-costs.csv | Government and third-party transaction costs per route: fixed amounts, per-person amounts and percentages of value | CSV | pinned · latest |
document-checklist.json | Documents required of a main applicant, a spouse and a child, and which need legalisation | JSON | pinned · latest |
apostille-countries.json | Every Contracting Party to the 1961 Hague Convention with the date it entered into force there, by ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code, plus the non-parties our pages name | JSON | pinned · latest |
processing-times.json | Observed duration per stage and the end-to-end range, marked as observed because no authority publishes an official figure | JSON | pinned · latest |
investment-returns.json | Year-end index levels and rates per route, with USD/TRY, for expressing an outcome in dollars | JSON | pinned · latest |
statistics.json | Published statistical series, each dated and sourced, together with what no authority publishes | JSON | pinned · latest |
sources.json | The register of every statute, regulation, decision, circular and publication behind the figures, with Resmî Gazete dates and a verification status | JSON | pinned · latest |
Current thresholds
| Route | Minimum | Holding | Basis | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real estate | USD 400,000 | 3 years | Official SPK-licensed appraisal value, not the contract price | 13 June 2022 |
| Bank deposit | USD 500,000 | 3 years | Turkish lira deposit in a bank operating in Turkiye, after the foreign currency is sold to the bank and by the bank to the Central Bank (Regulation Art. 20(10), since 6 January 2022) | 19 September 2018 |
| Government bonds | USD 500,000 | 3 years | Certified by the Ministry of Treasury and Finance | 19 September 2018 |
| Investment fund shares | USD 500,000 | 3 years | Real-estate or venture capital fund shares (GYF/GSYF) | 19 September 2018 |
| Fixed capital investment | USD 500,000 | none stated | Certified by the Ministry of Industry and Technology | 19 September 2018 |
| Job creation | 50 employees | none stated | Certified by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security | 19 September 2018 |
Each sub-paragraph annotated ·the full history
Government and transaction costs
Payable to the state or to third parties. None of it counts toward the qualifying amount, and attorney fees are not included.
| Item | Route | Basis | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title deed transfer tax | real_estate | percent | 4.0% of value | Legally 2% buyer + 2% seller; buyers often pay all 4% in practice |
| VAT (new build) | real_estate | percent | 1.0% of value | 1%, 10% or 20% depending on classification |
| VAT exemption (foreign buyer) | real_estate | fixed | USD 0 | First delivery of a new residence or workplace to a non-resident buyer paid in FX, VAT Law No. 3065 Art. 13(1)(i), three-year no-disposal condition |
| SPK-licensed appraisal report | real_estate | fixed | USD 400 to USD 700 | Mandatory for citizenship files |
| Currency conversion spread | all | percent | 0.3% to 1.0% of value | 0.3% to 1.0% typical bank spread on the inbound transfer |
| DASK insurance and utility registrations | real_estate | fixed | USD 150 to USD 400 | |
| Power of attorney (notary or consulate) | all | fixed | USD 150 to USD 450 | |
| Sworn translation and notarisation | all | per_person | USD 120 to USD 250 | Per person in the family file |
| Residence permit and citizenship application fees | all | per_person | USD 100 to USD 220 | Per person in the family file |
| Biometric photos and courier | all | fixed | USD 100 to USD 300 | |
| Bank account opening and blocked-deposit setup | bank_deposit | fixed | USD 0 to USD 500 | Varies by bank; some waive it for a deposit of this size |
Processing times, and why they are marked as observed
No Turkish authority publishes an end-to-end processing time and no statute sets a deadline. The only official artefact is a provincial service-standards row covering a single stage. So the figures below are marked "basis": "observed" in the data, which is a different kind of claim from everything else on this page, and the dataset says so rather than letting the two blur. End to end: 4 to 10 months from the completed investment to the citizenship decision.
| Stage | Observed | Worth querying after |
|---|---|---|
| Investment completed to certificate of conformity | 2 to 8 weeks | 12 weeks or more |
| Residence permit under Law No. 6458 Art. 31(1)(j) | 2 to 4 weeks | 6 weeks or more |
| Citizenship file submitted to the citizenship decision | 12 to 30 weeks | 43 weeks or more |
| End to end | 16 to 42 weeks | n/a |
- Individual outcomes vary with nationality, name-match hits and application volume.
- Security clearance cannot be expedited.
- Not a prediction for any particular file and not legal advice.
The Hague Apostille status table
Whether a civil status document takes an apostille or needs consular legalisation turns on one question: is the issuing state a party to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961. The file answers it for all 130 Contracting Parties by ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code, with the date the Convention entered into force for each, and for the 27 non-parties our pages name. 129 are in force today.
One case a yes-or-no field gets wrong: a state that has acceded but for which the Convention is not yet in force. Documents from there still need legalisation. Currently that is Thailand, in force 28 February 2027.
The file states in terms that absence from it is not a finding: a country we have not listed is a country to check against the HCCH table, not a non-party.
Dollar-return series
7 year-end series as of 6 November 2026, with USD/TRY alongside so a conversion is reproducible rather than asserted. Gross of taxes, fund fees and transaction costs, and not investment advice.
This file records its own weakness: none of its series yet has an entry in the source register, and the lira gold price series has no identified publication at all. Both are in the open questions below.
What no authority publishes
These gaps are stated rather than filled. Nothing in the dataset is estimated or interpolated to cover them, and this is the section practitioners quote back to us most.
- Goc Idaresi Baskanligi publishes no citizenship-acquisition statistics series. Annual figures reach the public through ministerial statements and parliamentary answers.
- Annual citizenship acquisitions for 2018, 2022, 2023 and 2026 are not published. The series is non-monotonic, so it must not be interpolated.
- There is no annual investment-route series, and no published application, approval, rejection or backlog count.
- No Turkish authority publishes an end-to-end processing time for the investor route.
- TUIK 2025 nationality counts for China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Kuwait are not published.
- No 2026 year-to-date nationality or province breakdown of foreign house sales is published.
- No official average transaction value for foreign property purchases is published by TUIK, TKGM or TCMB.
- The revised TUIK series year mapping for 2013 to 2021 is derived by ratio matching, not read off an official table.
- Appraisal report validity: the Kilavuz of 1 February 2024 states 3 months, post-2026 secondary reporting states 12 months. The sources disagree and the 9 December 2024 Kilavuz could not be read.
- The current status of the closed-neighbourhood regime for residence permits is unresolved. No official announcement lifting or restating the 2022 position was located.
- The legal instrument behind the USD 200,000 residence-permit property threshold of 16 October 2023 could not be identified.
- Overlap between the cumulative 6,134 cancellations and the 687 and 1,070 criminal-file identifications is unquantified.
Open questions
8 questions we have not resolved, published as questions. Several are load-bearing: the reach of art. 20(10) decides whether three routes carry a currency conversion requirement.
- Decision numbers (esas and karar) for the Danistay rulings in the litigation series are not yet recorded.
- The Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Mudurlugu circulars are not published in the Official Gazette, so 2019/1, 2021/6 and 2024/4 and its 2026-09-28 amendment rest on secondary reporting and need confirmation against the circular texts.
- The legal instrument behind the USD 200,000 property threshold for residence permits announced on 2023-10-16 has not been identified.
- The Official Gazette issue number for the VAT General Application Communique amendment of 2017-05-05 is not yet recorded.
- Sources disagree on the validity period of the appraisal report underlying the Tutar Tespit Belgesi. The 2026-09-28 amendment to circular 2024/4 is reported to set the window between the Tutar Tespit Belgesi and the citizenship application at 12 months, which may be the origin of the disagreement, but the circular text has not been read.
- Which sub-paragraphs of Regulation Art. 20(2) the Art. 20(10) lira-conversion requirement reaches. Ra Legal's deposit guide states (b), (c-cedilla), (d) and (e); only the bank deposit is recorded as settled in investment-thresholds.json. Counsel to confirm.
- The series in data/investment-returns.json have no entries in this register. Borsa Istanbul index levels, TCMB deposit rates and the TCMB residential property price index each need a dated entry with a URL and a retrieval date before a figure from that file can be cited the way a legal figure can.
- The lira gram gold price series in data/investment-returns.json has no identified publication at all.
If you can close one with a citation, write to the editor.
The source register
28 instruments and publications. Each carries a verification status, because "we read the instrument" and "we read a consolidated text that cites it" are different claims.
| Instrument | No. | Resmî Gazete | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish Citizenship Law | 5901 | 12 June 2009 · No. 27256 | official text located |
| Regulation on the Implementation of the Turkish Citizenship Law | 2010/139 | 6 April 2010 · No. 27544 | official text located |
| Amendment introducing the investor route into the implementing Regulation | 2016/9601 | 12 January 2017 · No. 29946 | official reference located |
| Amendment to the investor route criteria | 2017/10008 | 5 May 2017 · No. 30057 | official reference located |
| Presidential Decree No. 106 | 106 | 19 September 2018 · No. 30540 | official reference located |
| Presidential Decision No. 5554 | 5554 | 13 May 2022 · No. 31834 | official reference located |
| Fees Law | 492 | 17 July 1964 · No. 11756 | official text located |
| Value Added Tax Law | 3065 | 2 November 1984 · No. 18563 | official text located |
| Amendment to the VAT General Application Communique, adding section II/B-12 on the exemption for residence and workplace deliveries | not recorded | 5 May 2017 | official text located |
| General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre Circular No. 2024/4 | 2024/4 | not recorded | secondary |
| General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre Circular No. 2019/1 | 2019/1 | not recorded | secondary |
| Capital Markets Law | 6362 | 30 December 2012 · No. 28513 | official reference located |
| Law on Foreigners and International Protection | 6458 | 11 April 2013 · No. 28615 | official reference located |
| Disaster Insurance Law | 6305 | 18 August 2012 · No. 28388 | official reference located |
| Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents | not recorded | not recorded | official text located |
| House Sales Statistics | not recorded | not recorded | official reference located |
| Balance of Payments Statistics | not recorded | not recorded | official reference located |
| General Directorate of Civil Registration and Nationality (NVI) | not recorded | not recorded | official reference located |
| Ministry of Interior written statements and ministerial statements on the investor route | not recorded | not recorded | secondary |
| Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor's Office | not recorded | not recorded | secondary |
| Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) | not recorded | not recorded | official reference located |
| Council of State | not recorded | not recorded | secondary |
| Presidency of Migration Management | not recorded | not recorded | official reference located |
| Ankara Governorship, Provincial Civil Registration and Nationality Directorate service standards table | not recorded | not recorded | secondary |
| Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkiye | not recorded | not recorded | official text located |
| mevzuat.gov.tr, the official consolidated legislation database | not recorded | not recorded | official text located |
| Amendment requiring qualifying deposits and instruments to be converted into Turkish lira | 5072 | 6 January 2022 · No. 31711 | official reference located |
| Law amending the Law on the Taxation of Certain Assets and certain other laws | 7394 | 15 April 2022 · No. 31810 | official reference located |
How to cite this
The Turkish Citizenship by Investment Reference, Turkish Citizenship by Investment: Open Data (CC BY 4.0), as of 2026-11-11, https://turkishcitizenshipbyinvestment.org/data
The underlying repository carries a CITATION.cff, so GitHub renders a "Cite this repository" button with the same details. If you are citing a single figure, cite that record's own source field as well: that is what the field is for.
Provenance
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